小升初英语语法经典例题:形容词和副词

2016-12-26 13:37:25来源:网络

  新东方在线小学网整理了2017年小升初英语语法经典例题,供同学们参考,希望能够帮助同学们提高学习成绩。

  小升初英语语法经典例题:形容词和副词

  1. We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _____, but we really don’t want him to smell ____.

  A. well, well B. bad, bad

  C. well, badly D. badly, bad

  【陷阱】容易误选B,认为两个smell 均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。

  【分析】这是1995年的一道上海高考题,最佳答案为D。句中的第一个 smell 为实义动词,意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”,smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”;第二个 smell 为连系动词,意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”,smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好,但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。

  2. “_____ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _____ man.”

  A. What, interesting B. What, interested

  C. How, interesting D. How, interested

  【陷阱】容易误选D,认为第一空应填 how,表示“如何”;第二空应填 interested,因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物,-ed 形容词主要说明人。

  【分析】其实最佳答案应是A。英语中表示汉语的“你觉得……如何?”时,可用How do you like ...? 或 What do you think of ...? 注意两者搭配不同,即 like 与 how 搭配,think of 与 what 搭配。另一方面,有的书认为:-ing形容词说明事,-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的,但表述欠严谨。严谨的表述应该是:表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词;表示人自己本身感到如何,用-ed形容词。比较:

  All the children are interested. 所有的孩子都很感兴趣。

  All the children are interesting. 所有的孩子都很有趣。

  I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。

  I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。

  再比较:

  He is frightened. 他很害怕。

  He is frightening. 他很吓人。

  He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。

  He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。

  3. The operation was successful, but I still felt _____.

  A. very painful B. much painful

  C. a lot of pain D. very paining

  【陷阱】容易误选A,想当然地认为:pain 表示“痛”,其形容词painful自然表示表示“感到疼痛的”。

  【分析】其实 painful 的意思并不是“感到疼痛的”,而是表示“使人感到疼痛的”、“使人感到痛苦的”,所以它通常用于说明事物,而不宜用于说明人。比较并体会:

  他仍很痛苦。

  正:He is still in pain.

  误:He’s still painful.

  你感到痛吗?

  正:Do you feel any pain?

  误:Are you painful?

  见到你这样生活我很痛心。

  正:I am pained to see you living this way.

  误:I am painful to see you living this way.

  听到他的死讯,我们都很痛苦。

  误:We were all painful to hear of his death.

  正:We were all pained to hear of his death.

  他眼睛痛。

  正:He has painful eyes.

  误:He’s painful in the eyes.

  4. “Our team is _____ to win the match.” “Really? But I don’t think so.”

  A. easy B. difficult

  C. possible D. sure

  【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选,因为假若单纯从中文意思来看,四个答案均说得通。

  【分析】正确答案为D,A、B、C三项填入空格处虽然从汉语来看说得通,但不合英语习惯。因为按英语习惯,easy 和difficult 后接不定式时,其主语(或逻辑主语)通常应是 it,而不能是具体的人或物,除非这个主语与其后不定式有动宾关系。如:

  他回答案这个问题很容易。

  误:He’s very easy to answer this question.

  正:It is very easy for her to answer this question. (用形式主语 it 作主语)

  正:The question is very easy for her to answer. (主语为具体的事物,但它与其后不定式有动宾关系,即 to answer this question)

  我们很难在半小时内完成这工作。

  误:We are very difficult to finish the work in half an hour.

  正:It is very difficult for us to finish the work in half an hour. (用形式主语 it 作主语)

  对possible 来说,后接不定式时,其主语只能是 it,不能是具体的人或事物,即使该主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系也不可以。如:

  我们可能会赢得这场比赛。

  误:We are possible to win the match.

  误:The match is possible for us to win.

  正:It is possible that we will win the match.

  正:It is possible for us to win the match.

  5. I think he is _____ to tell us the secret, but I’m not sure.

  A. possible B. likely

  C. impossible D. certain

  【陷阱】A、B、C三项均有可能被选择。

  【分析】根据句意首先排除D;再根据上面一题的分析,排除A和C;也就是说,此题最佳答案为B。注意likely 的用法,它与possible所用句型不同,请看实例:

  Are we likely to arrive in time? 我们会及时赶到吗?

  It’s very likely that he will ring me tonight. 今晚他很可能会给我来电话。

  They will very likely come by car. 他们很可能会坐汽车来。(该句中的likely为副词,而前两句中的likely为形容词)

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